New Research Shows Conflicting Results on GLP-1 Drugs and Bone Fracture Risk
Studies published in mid-2026 show conflicting findings on whether GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic and Mounjaro raise or lower fracture risk. A large study in JAMA Network Open found a 21 percent lower fracture risk in type 2 diabetes patients over three years, while other research reported an 11 to 29 percent higher risk in older adults. Experts say bone health should be assessed before starting GLP-1 therapy in older patients.
New research published in mid-2026 presents conflicting findings on whether GLP-1 receptor agonists like Ozempic and Mounjaro raise or lower the risk of bone fractures.
A large-scale retrospective study published in JAMA Network Open in July 2026 analyzed health data from more than 133,000 adults aged 50 to 90 with type 2 diabetes. The study found that new users of GLP-1 medications had a 21 percent lower risk of fragility fractures over a three-year period compared to those taking DPP-4 inhibitors. The most significant reductions were seen at high-morbidity injury sites, including the hip, femur, and spine. A separate review presented at the ENDO 2026 meeting reported a 15 percent lower fracture risk in a cohort of more than 35,000 patients with type 2 diabetes.
Researchers involved in these studies suggest GLP-1 medications may have a direct protective effect on the skeleton by modulating inflammation and bone turnover, independent of changes in body weight or blood sugar control.
However, other research published in early 2026 raised concerns. A study in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism reported an 11 percent higher risk of fragility fractures in adults 65 and older with type 2 diabetes compared to those on other diabetes medications. An analysis presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons' annual meeting suggested a 29 percent higher relative risk of osteoporosis among GLP-1 users.
Experts note that rapid weight loss from GLP-1 drugs can reduce mechanical loading on the skeleton, potentially lowering bone mineral density. Reduced intake of calcium, vitamin D, and protein due to appetite suppression may also play a role.
Given the conflicting data, medical experts recommend that bone health be assessed before starting GLP-1 therapy in older patients. Researchers are calling for randomized controlled trials to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
